A decision-making matrix (also called a decision matrix, selection grid, or evaluation matrix) is a structured tool that helps compare and prioritize multiple options against defined criteria. When a decision involves several alternatives and different factors, this method makes the process more transparent and logical.
How It Works #
- List Alternatives and Criteria – In one dimension (e.g., columns), list the options you’re choosing among. In the other (rows), list the criteria that matter (e.g., cost, feasibility, impact).
- Weight Criteria – Assign relative importance to each criterion (for example, on a scale of 1 to 5), so that more critical criteria have more influence.
- Score Alternatives – Rate each option against each criterion using a consistent scale (e.g., 1–5, where 5 is best).
- Multiply and Sum – Multiply each score by the criterion’s weight and sum up for each alternative. The option with the highest total score is often preferred.
Advantages of a Decision-Making Matrix #
- It promotes objectivity by making decisions explicit rather than intuitive.
- It clarifies trade-offs across multiple factors.
- It facilitates transparency and accountability because decisions can be traced back to criteria and scores.
Limitations of a Decision-Making Matrix #
- The quality of outcomes depends heavily on how well criteria are chosen and weighted — biased or incomplete criteria can distort conclusions.
- Scoring is often subjective, especially when empirical data are lacking.
- Interdependencies among criteria or options are not always captured in a simple matrix format.
Where can a Decision-Making Matrix be Used? #
Decision-making matrices are useful in many settings, such as:
- Choosing among project or vendor options
- Prioritizing interventions in policy or program planning
- Evaluating strategic alternatives in organizations
A decision-making matrix is a useful tool to systematically break down complex choices. By placing alternatives and criteria into a clear framework and combining weights and ratings, it helps you make more reasoned, defensible decisions.
List of recommended resources #
For a broad overview #
This article by untools gives an overview of decision matrices and how to choose the best option for decision matrices by considering multiple factors. It also gives a step-by-step process of how to create a decision matrix along with a practical example.
This video tutorial by Expert Program Management gives a broad explanation of a simple decision matrix as well as a weighted decision matrix, along with examples.
For in-depth understanding #
7 quick and easy steps to creating a decision matrix, with examples
This article by Julia Martins for Asana gives an in-depth explanation on how to use a decision matrix, beginning with what is a decision matrix, when to use it and what are the steps to create a decision matrix. The article also discusses some examples along with some alternatives to the decision matrix.
This article by the American Society for Equality gives a detailed explanation of a decision matrix, when to use it, the procedure to make a decision matrix as well as some considerations while using a decision matrix.
Case study #
The Performance Measurement Matrix: A Framework to Optimize Decision Making
This paper by Kathy Malloch describes a framework and process to assist health care leaders in making informed and timely decisions. Six dimensions of health care are assessed within the organization’s context for overall impact on performance.
Tracing the decision-making process of physicians with a Decision Process Matrix
This study by Daniel Hausmann, Cristina Zulian, Edouard Battegay and Lukas Zimmerli aims to trace and map the individual diagnostic process of real medical cases using a Decision Process Matrix (DPM).
