{"id":2602,"date":"2023-02-14T18:31:53","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T18:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sambodhi.co.in\/sambodhipanels\/?page_id=2602"},"modified":"2023-08-22T07:29:21","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T07:29:21","slug":"fast-food-consumption-among-rural-adolescents-increasing-risk-of-obesity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sambodhi.co.in\/sambodhipanels\/fast-food-consumption-among-rural-adolescents-increasing-risk-of-obesity\/","title":{"rendered":"Fast food consumption among rural adolescents increasing risk of obesity"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

About rural food plate\nmapping survey<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHousehold dietary preferences are a\ncumulative result of purchasing power, access\nto markets, food availability in local areas, and\nbehavioral choices. Transforming Rural India\nFoundation (TRIF) and Sambodhi Panels\n(Sambodhi) undertook a rapid assessment on\nmapping the rural food plate to unpack trends\nin dietary preferences. Our aim was to\nunderstand the diet diversity and quality in rural\nhouseholds across India. The assessment\ninterviewed 7332 rural individuals across 20\nstates, covering all six geographic zones of\nIndia. Globally accepted tools (i.e., FAO,\nUnited Nations) were used to collect data for a\n24-hour recall period.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Quality diet still elusive to\nmany in rural India<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

National trends on nutrition and food production<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The challenge of improving nutrition in India is an uphill battle. On one side, we see slow reductions in childhood stunting. Annual reduction in stunting between 2015-16 and 2019-20 stood at 0.7 percentage point (pp), much lesser than a required rate of nearly 1.5pp to achieve Sustainable Development Goal targets. On the other, obesity among households has more than doubled (from 10% in early 2000s to 24% in 2019-20). At the same time India continues to produce more food every year. Per capita monthly availability of food grains (rice, wheat, nutriacereals) has increased by 8%, pulses by 40%, oilseeds by 10.9 % and milk by 46% between 2011 and 2021.<\/p>

This TRIF-Sambodhi survey contributes to explaining these macro-level contradictions<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Results from rural food plate survey<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Diversity:<\/strong> The average Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) was 4.20 out of a total possible score of 12. This means an average rural household could only consume 4-5 out of the 12 food groups for a balanced diet in the last 24 hours. The global threshold for \u201cpoor\u201d dietary diversity is 3.0. North-eastern and Southern states reported a better score (5.0, 4.52), compared to Western and Northern India which recorded the lowest (3.32, 3.89). Hence, a significant number of households on the brink of this dietary threshold face the risk of food insecurity in events of crisis like COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Mean IDDS Score<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Quality:<\/strong> A rural household food plate meets the requirement for cereals and pulses, vegetables, milk, and spice condiments. What is noteworthy is the low intake of green leafy vegetables (i.e., spinach), fruits rich in Vitamin A (i.e., papaya, carrot), and meat and eggs, as well as a significant consumption of oils, fat, and sweets in an everyday diet. The result \u2013 while today\u2019s rural diet addresses the energy needs for an individual, it is imbalanced with increasing risks of micronutrient deficiencies in the form Iron andVitamin A deficiencies. Overconsumption of oil, fat, and sugar are also likely contributors to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and obesity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Inequities:<\/strong> People in the lowest rural economic strata had the lowest dietary diversity score and therefore are much more exposed to micronutrient deficiencies. These become more exacerbated even among better performingstates in the north-east, emerging as a pattern of hidden-hunger.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Consumption differentials between highest and lowest IDDS\nterciles, by zone <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Access:<\/strong> Majority of rural households consumed cereals from their own production or purchased subsidized rice\/wheat through the public fair price shops. Vegetables, including green and leafy vegetables and Vitamin-A rich foods purchased from the local retail shop or self-produced, or in some cases bought from markets in the nearby town. A shortage in availability of food items in the local markets, especially for vegetables, can impact their prices, quality, and consumption preferences of households.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Key takeaways for nutrition policy<\/strong><\/h4>

Vegetables, fruits, and milk are perishable commodities. In absence of affordable storage facilities at the block level, supply chain disruptions are known to have inflationary effects which makes a rural household choose to forego nutrition. From a production perspective, items like green and leafy vegetables are winter crops and are often in short supply for a large portion of a year. Remote areas and poor households are the hardest hit. Public schemes like Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) do little to plug any nutritional deficiencies, except for some implicit savings for poor households. Nutrition-specific schemes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Mid-Day-Meal (MDM) are supplementary efforts, with limited effects on an already imbalanced individual diet.<\/p>

We suggest that national nutrition initiatives can be more human-centric and engage in redesigning the food supply chains to improve last mile \u2013 an average household food plate. Behavior change communication for rural households, along with its focus on reducing undernutrition and anemia, can also highlight aspects of a diverse and quality diet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Recommendations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div><\/div>